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1 - Chloro - 4 - nitrobenzene, 1 - Chloro - 2 , 4 - dinitrobenzene and 1 - Chloro - 2, 4, 6trinitrobenzene are transformed to corresponding phenols with the reagents $\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}, \mathrm{Z}$ respectively. What are $\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}, \mathrm{Z}$ ?
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$\mathrm{X}=\text { (i) } \mathrm{NaOH}, 443 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{Y}=\text { (i) } \mathrm{NaOH}, 368 \mathrm{~K} \text {, }$
(ii) $\mathrm{H}^{+}$;
(ii) $\mathrm{H}^{+}$;
$\mathrm{Z}=\text { Warm } \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$
(ii) $\mathrm{H}^{+}$;
(ii) $\mathrm{H}^{+}$;
$\mathrm{Z}=\text { Warm } \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$
The reactivity of chlorobenzene increases with more$\mathrm{NO}_2$ groups and thus, nucleophilic substitution requires milder conditions.
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