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A Ge specimen is doped with Al. The concentration of acceptor atoms is \(\sim 10^{21}\) atoms \(/ \mathrm{m}^3\). Given that the intrinsic concentration of electron hole pairs is \(10^{19} / \mathrm{m}^3\), the concentration of electrons in the specimen is
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\(10^{17} / \mathrm{m}^3\)
$n_h=10^{21}$ atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^3$
$n_i=10^{19}$ atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^3, n_e=$ ?
$n_e n_h=n_i^2$
$n_e=\frac{n_i^2}{n_h}=\frac{\left(10^{19}\right)^2}{10^{21}}=\frac{10^{38}}{10^{21}}=10^{17}$ atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^3$.
$n_i=10^{19}$ atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^3, n_e=$ ?
$n_e n_h=n_i^2$
$n_e=\frac{n_i^2}{n_h}=\frac{\left(10^{19}\right)^2}{10^{21}}=\frac{10^{38}}{10^{21}}=10^{17}$ atoms $/ \mathrm{m}^3$.
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