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(a) Name the starting material used in the industrial preparation of phenol.
(b) Write complete reaction for the bromination of phenol in aqueous and non-aqueous medium.
(c) Explain why Lewis acid is not required in bromination of phenol?
(b) Write complete reaction for the bromination of phenol in aqueous and non-aqueous medium.
(c) Explain why Lewis acid is not required in bromination of phenol?
Solution:
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(a) Cumene is used as a starting material in industrial preparation of phenol.
(b)In aqueous medium reaction is as following:
In non-aqueous medium such as $\mathrm{CS}_2, \mathrm{CCl}_4, \mathrm{CHCl}_3$, monobromophenols are obtained.
(c)Lewis acid is an electron deficient molecule. In bromination of benzene, Lewis acid is used to polarise $\mathrm{Br}_2$ molecule.
Lewis acid is not required in the bromination of phenol because oxygen atom of phenol itself polarises the bromine molecule to form $\mathrm{Br}^{+}$ion (electrophile).
(b)In aqueous medium reaction is as following:
In non-aqueous medium such as $\mathrm{CS}_2, \mathrm{CCl}_4, \mathrm{CHCl}_3$, monobromophenols are obtained.
(c)Lewis acid is an electron deficient molecule. In bromination of benzene, Lewis acid is used to polarise $\mathrm{Br}_2$ molecule.
Lewis acid is not required in the bromination of phenol because oxygen atom of phenol itself polarises the bromine molecule to form $\mathrm{Br}^{+}$ion (electrophile).
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