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Question: Answered & Verified by Expert
A small disc of mass $1 \mathrm{~g}$ slides down a smooth hill of height $10 \mathrm{~m}$ from rest and gets on to a plank of mass $100 \mathrm{~g}$ as shown in the figure. Due to friction between the disc and the plank. The disc slows down and moves as one piece with the plank. The work done by the frictional force is approximately (Use, $g=10 \mathrm{~ms}^2$ )

PhysicsWork Power EnergyJEE Main
Options:
  • A 0.01 J
  • B 10 J
  • C 0.1 J
  • D 1 J
Solution:
2323 Upvotes Verified Answer
The correct answer is: 0.1 J
The disc is at rest at the top of the hill.
$\therefore$ Potential energy of the disc, $U=m g h$
Let the velocity of the sliding disc before the friction is $v$.
$\therefore$ The kinetic energy, $K=\frac{1}{2} m v^2$


From energy conservation,
$$
\begin{aligned}
\frac{1}{2} m v^2 & =m g h \\
v & =\sqrt{2 g h}
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
\Rightarrow \quad v=\sqrt{2 g h}
$$
The disc now gets onto the plank and slows down and moves as one piece with the plank.
Let the velocity of the plank is $v^{\prime}$.
From conservation of momentum,
$$
\begin{aligned}
m v & =(m+M) v^{\prime} \\
\Rightarrow \quad v^{\prime} & =\frac{m \sqrt{2 g h}}{(m+M)}
\end{aligned}
$$
$\therefore$ The kinetic energy of the plank,
$$
\begin{aligned}
K_2 & =\frac{1}{2}(m+M) v^{\prime 2}=\frac{m^2 \times 2 g h}{2(M+m)} \\
\Rightarrow \quad K_2 & =\frac{m^2 g h}{(m+M)}
\end{aligned}
$$
$\therefore$ The total work done by the frictional force is
$$
\begin{aligned}
W_f & =K_1-K_2=m g h-\frac{m^2 g h}{m+M} \\
& =\frac{M m g h}{m+M} \\
\Rightarrow \quad W_f & =\frac{100 \times 10^{-3} \times 1 \times 10^{-3} \times 10 \times 10}{(100+1) \times 10^{-3}} \\
\Rightarrow \quad W_f & =0.1 \mathrm{~J}
\end{aligned}
$$

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