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Acetophenone when reacted with a base, $\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{ONa}$, yields a stable compound which has the structure
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Aldehydes or ketones with $\alpha-\mathrm{H}$ atom, in presence of dilute base, undergoes aldol condensation to give $\beta$-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone. On heating, aldol eliminate water molecule to form $\alpha, \beta$-unsaturated compounds.
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