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Benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate is obtained by the action of sodium hydroxide on benzaldehyde. This reaction is known as
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Cannizzaro's reaction
Benzaldehyde on treatment with $50 \%$ aqueous or ethanolic alkali solution undergoes Cannizzaro's reaction like $\mathrm{HCHO}$ (no $\alpha$-hydrogen atom) i.e., one molecule is oxidised and one is reduced with the formation of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol respectively.
$2 \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{CHO} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{NeOH}} \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{COONa}$
$2 \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{CHO} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{NeOH}} \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{COONa}$
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