Cancer detection and diagnosis:

A. Biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue. In a biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue is taken out, cut into thin sections, stained, and examined under a microscope (histopathological studies) by a pathologist for a proper suggestion.

B. Blood and bone marrow tests: These analyze the increased cell counts in the case of leukemias.

C. Cancers of the internal organs are mainly detected by the use of techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography), and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

CT: It uses X-rays to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object.

MRI: It uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionizing radiations to detect the pathological/physiological changes in the living tissue.

D. Detection of Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens.

E. Techniques of Molecular biology to detect genes in individuals with inherited susceptibility to certain cancers.