Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits. Similar interactions within a species are known as co-operation. The associations between tree roots and certain fungi Mycorrhiza is usually of mutual benefit (symbiotic): a delicate balance between the host plant and symbiont relations results in enhanced nutritional support for each member.

In this case, the female wasps use the fruit not only as oviposition (egg-laying) site but use the developing seeds within the fruit for nourishing its larvae. In turn, wasps help the plants in their pollination. In the favour of pollination, the fig offers the wasp some of its developing seeds.