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Question: Answered & Verified by Expert
If a molecule \( \mathrm{MX}_{3} \) has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbitals used by \( \mathrm{M} \) (atomic number \( < 21 \) ) are
ChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureJEE Main
Options:
  • A Pure \( \mathrm{p} \)
  • B sp hybridised
  • C \( \mathrm{sp}^{2} \) hybridised
  • D \( \mathrm{sp}^{3} \) hybridised
Solution:
2306 Upvotes Verified Answer
The correct answer is: \( \mathrm{sp}^{2} \) hybridised

The atomic number of the element M is given as less than 21. The electronic configuration for an atom with an atomic number of 21 will be [Ar]3s23p1. This implies that the element M with less than 21 electrons does not have d-orbital electrons. 

 

If the molecule MX3 is non-polar in nature, and contains no d-orbitals, then it must have three sigma (single) bonds. The hybridisation for three sigma bonds is sp2. Also, the fact that the molecule has zero dipole moment confirms that the molecule has a symmetrical geometry of triagonal planar arrangement, which is possible only for an sp2hybridisation around M.

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