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Illustrate how copper metal can give different products on reaction with \(\mathrm{HNO}_3\).
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On heating with dil \(\mathrm{HNO}_3\), copper gives copper nitrate and nitric oxide.
\(3 \mathrm{Cu}+8 \mathrm{HNO}_3(\mathrm{dil}) \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\longrightarrow} 3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+4 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{NO}\)
With concentrated \(\mathrm{HNO}_3\), copper gives \(\mathrm{NO}_2\) instead of NO.
\(\mathrm{Cu}+4 \mathrm{HNO}_3 \text { (conc.) } \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{NO}_2\)
\(3 \mathrm{Cu}+8 \mathrm{HNO}_3(\mathrm{dil}) \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\longrightarrow} 3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+4 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{NO}\)
With concentrated \(\mathrm{HNO}_3\), copper gives \(\mathrm{NO}_2\) instead of NO.
\(\mathrm{Cu}+4 \mathrm{HNO}_3 \text { (conc.) } \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{NO}_2\)
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