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In a closed vessel a mixture of two moles of carbon monoxide and one mole of oxygen is ignited to convert the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. If is the enthalpy change and is the change in internal energy, then
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Formation of from is an exothermic reaction; heat is evolved from the system, i.e., energy is lowered. Thus, exothermic reactions occur spontaneously on account of decrease in enthapy of system. Thus, .
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