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In the given diagrams, A (spine) and B (tendril) are structures which are modifications of the stem. Then, probable examples of plants in which A and B can be observed, respectively, will be:
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Bougainvillea, Grapevines.
Modifications of stem:
Underground stems may modify to store food.
Examples - potato, turmeric, ginger, Colocasia, zaminkand, etc.
Stem may develop into tendrils (originating from axillary buds) for support.
Examples - grapevines and gourds (cucumber, pumpkins and watermelons).
Stems may develop woody and pointed thorns for protection from the axillary buds.
Examples - Bougainvillea, Citrus.
Stems may develop chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.
Examples - Opuntia (stem as flattened structures), Euphorbia (stem as fleshy cylindrical structures), etc.
Stems may help in spread and vegetative propagation.
Underground stems may modify to store food.
Examples - potato, turmeric, ginger, Colocasia, zaminkand, etc.
Stem may develop into tendrils (originating from axillary buds) for support.
Examples - grapevines and gourds (cucumber, pumpkins and watermelons).
Stems may develop woody and pointed thorns for protection from the axillary buds.
Examples - Bougainvillea, Citrus.
Stems may develop chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.
Examples - Opuntia (stem as flattened structures), Euphorbia (stem as fleshy cylindrical structures), etc.
Stems may help in spread and vegetative propagation.
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