Gametophyte has independent free-living existence in Bryophyte and Pteridophyta. In Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, the gametophyte is highly reduced and not free-living structure. Cedrus, Pinus, and Pisum lack free-living gametophyte. In Marchantia (Bryophyta), the plant is dioecious, and male and female gametophyte are independent or fee living.