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On the basis of lanthanoid contraction, explain the following:
(i) Nature of bonding in $\mathrm{La}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ and $\mathrm{Lu}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$.
(ii) Trends in the stability of oxo salts of lanthanoids from La to Lu.
(iii) Stabilityof the complexes of lanthanoids.
(iv) Radii of $4 \mathrm{~d}$ and $5 \mathrm{~d}$ block elements.
(v) Trends in acidic character of lanthanoid oxides.
(i) Nature of bonding in $\mathrm{La}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ and $\mathrm{Lu}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$.
(ii) Trends in the stability of oxo salts of lanthanoids from La to Lu.
(iii) Stabilityof the complexes of lanthanoids.
(iv) Radii of $4 \mathrm{~d}$ and $5 \mathrm{~d}$ block elements.
(v) Trends in acidic character of lanthanoid oxides.
Solution:
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(i) $\mathrm{La}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ is more ionic and $\mathrm{Lu}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ is more covalent. This is because as the size decreases covalent character increases.
(ii) Stability of oxo salts decreases with decrease in size from La to Lu.
(iii) Stability of complexes increases as the size of lanthanoids decreases.
(iv) Radii of $4 \mathrm{~d}$ and $5 \mathrm{~d}$-block elements will be almost same.
(v) Acidic character of oxides increases from La to Lu.
(ii) Stability of oxo salts decreases with decrease in size from La to Lu.
(iii) Stability of complexes increases as the size of lanthanoids decreases.
(iv) Radii of $4 \mathrm{~d}$ and $5 \mathrm{~d}$-block elements will be almost same.
(v) Acidic character of oxides increases from La to Lu.
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