For many group of animals or plants, there are interesting patterns in diversity, the most well- known being the latitudinal gradient in diversity. In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. In this map, P is closest to the equator hence will have maximum biodiversity. R is closer to equator as compared to S. Hence it will have a greater biodiversity than S. Also Q is very close to the poles so it has least biodiversity.