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Potential difference across resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to differential distribution of the following ions.
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$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions
$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions
The ion gated channels on the neurolemma control the movement of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions on both inner and outer sides of a nerve cell.
$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions are not related with nerve excitation, rather are involved in other biological functions. $\mathrm{Ca}^{+2}$ ions are related to muscle metabolism where $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ ions act as a cofactor in some reactions.
$\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ion channels are important for cell's resting membrane potential, transepithelial salt transport and the acidification of internal and extracellular compartments.
$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions are not related with nerve excitation, rather are involved in other biological functions. $\mathrm{Ca}^{+2}$ ions are related to muscle metabolism where $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ ions act as a cofactor in some reactions.
$\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ion channels are important for cell's resting membrane potential, transepithelial salt transport and the acidification of internal and extracellular compartments.
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