Parathormone increases blood calcium level whereas calcitonin hormone decreases blood calcium level. Cortisol hormone stimulate gluconeogenesis therefore increases blood glucose level. Aldosterone hormone stimulates reabsorption of Na⁺ whereas vasopressin stimulates reabsorption of water and hence concentrate urine.

The testis secretes androgens, which stimulate the development, maturation and functions of the male accessory sex organs, appearance of the male secondary sex characters, spermatogenesis, male sexual behaviour, anabolic pathways and erythropoiesis.