Biodiversity includes all the flora and fauna on Earth. All the varieties of organisms come under biodiversity. German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt made the observation regarding the relationship between species richness and the area of the habitat. As per his observation, species richness increased with increasing area of habitat upto a limit. When plotted in a graph, this relationship forms a rectangular hyperbola having an equation $\mathrm{S}=\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{Z}}$. On a log scale, the relationship is a straight line having the equation

$\mathrm{L}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{S}=\mathrm{L}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{A}$ . $\mathrm{S}=$ species richness, $\mathrm{A}=$ area of region, $\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{Y}$ -intercept and $\mathrm{Z}=$ regression co-efficient (Slope).