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Water softening by Clark's process uses
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\( \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \)
Clark's process is a commercial method of water softening. A calculated amount of quick lime is added to hard water,
bicarbonates are converted into insoluble calcium and magnesium carbonates which are filtered off.
$\mathrm{CaO}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$
$\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{H} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{2}+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CaCO}_{3} \downarrow+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
$\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2}+\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{MgCO}_{3} \downarrow+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
bicarbonates are converted into insoluble calcium and magnesium carbonates which are filtered off.
$\mathrm{CaO}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$
$\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{H} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{2}+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CaCO}_{3} \downarrow+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
$\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2}+\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{MgCO}_{3} \downarrow+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
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