What are $X, Y, Z$ in the following reactions? $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{OH} \xrightarrow{Y} \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

Question

What are $X, Y, Z$ in the following reactions? $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{OH} \xrightarrow{Y} \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$, $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline X & Y & Z \ \hline \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4, 443 \mathrm{~K} & \begin{array}{l} 85 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4 \ 440 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} 20 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4, \ 358 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} \ \hline \end{array}$, $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline X & Y & Z \ \hline \begin{array}{l} 85 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4 \ 440 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} & \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4, 443 \mathrm{~K} & \begin{array}{l} 20 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4 \ 358 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} \ \hline \end{array}$, $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline X & Y & Z \ \hline \begin{array}{l} 20 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4, \ 358 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} & \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4, 443 \mathrm{~K} & \begin{array}{l} 85 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4, \ 440 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} \ \hline \end{array}$, $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline X & Y & Z \ \hline \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4, 443 \mathrm{~K} & \begin{array}{l} 20 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4, \ 358 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} 85 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4 \text {, } \ 440 \mathrm{~K} \end{array} \ \hline \end{array}$

MARKS App · Accepted Answer

These reactions are known as dehydration reactions where $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4$ and $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ are dehydrating agents. Ethanol undergo dehydration by heating with conc. $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ at $443 \mathrm{~K}$ whereas $2^{\circ}$ alcohols by $85 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4$ at $440 \mathrm{~K}$ and $3^{\circ}$ alcohols by $20 \% \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4$ at $358 \mathrm{~K}$.

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