Account for the following statement- Although the amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.

Question

Account for the following statement- Although the amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline., Aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline because nitration is carried out in acidic medium , in which aniline gets protonated to form anilinium ion which is a meta directing species., Aniline's amino group undergoes a tautomeric shift to a meta-directing form during nitration., Aniline has steric hindrance that favors substitution at the meta position., Aniline forms a highly reactive complex with the nitrating agent, leading to meta substitution.

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Correct Option is : (A) Aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline because nitration is carried out in acidic medium , in which aniline gets protonated to form anilinium ion which is a meta directing species.

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