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Aluminium (III) chloride forms a dimer because aluminium:
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Can have higher coordination number.
has a high coordination number. It exists in dimer form and the formula of the dimeric form is . It has vacant -orbitals which can absorb electrons from the chlorine atom. It is an electron-deficient compound in (octet incomplete), so it acts as a Lewis acid, and completes it by taking an electron pair from -atoms:
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