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Lactose is the substrate for the enzyme ß-galactosidase and it regulates switching on and off of the operon. Hence it is termed as
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inducer.
In the lac operon, the regulator gene produces active repressor protein which binds to operator switching it off. When bacteria are grown in a medium having lactose, it functions as an inducer and binds repressor making it inactive and switching on the system.
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