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On the basis of the equation $\mathrm{pH}=-\log \left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]$, the $\mathrm{pH}$ of $10^{-8} \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~dm}^{-3}$ solution of $\mathrm{HCl}$ should be $8$ . However, it is observed to be less than $7.0$. Explain the reason.
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Concentration of $10^{-8} \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~dm}^{-3}$ indicates that the solution is very dilute. Hence, the contribution of $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}$ concentration from water is significant and should also be included for the calculation of $\mathrm{pH}$.
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