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Refer to the periodic table given in your book and now answer the following questions.
(a) Select the possible non-metals that can show disproportionation reaction.
(b) Select three metals that can show disproportionation reaction.
(a) Select the possible non-metals that can show disproportionation reaction.
(b) Select three metals that can show disproportionation reaction.
Solution:
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Verified Answer
(a) The non-metals are: \(\mathrm{P}_4, \mathrm{Cl}_2\) and \(\mathrm{S}_8\).
(i) \(\mathrm{P}_4(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell) \longrightarrow\)
\(\mathrm{PH}_3(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_2^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\)
(ii) \(\mathrm{Cl}_2\) (aq) \(+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}\)(aq) \(\longrightarrow\)
\(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell)\)
(iii) \(\mathrm{S}_8(\mathrm{~s})+12 \mathrm{OH}^{-} \longrightarrow\)
\(4 \mathrm{~S}^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{~S}_2 \mathrm{O}_3^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell)\)
(b) The metals are: \(\mathrm{Cu}^{+}, \mathrm{Ga}^{+}, \mathrm{In}^{+}\)etc.
\(\begin{aligned}
&2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s}) \\
&3 \mathrm{Ga}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ga}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{Ga}(\mathrm{s}) \\
&3 \mathrm{In}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{In}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{In}(\mathrm{s})
\end{aligned}\)
(i) \(\mathrm{P}_4(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell) \longrightarrow\)
\(\mathrm{PH}_3(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_2^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\)
(ii) \(\mathrm{Cl}_2\) (aq) \(+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}\)(aq) \(\longrightarrow\)
\(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell)\)
(iii) \(\mathrm{S}_8(\mathrm{~s})+12 \mathrm{OH}^{-} \longrightarrow\)
\(4 \mathrm{~S}^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{~S}_2 \mathrm{O}_3^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell)\)
(b) The metals are: \(\mathrm{Cu}^{+}, \mathrm{Ga}^{+}, \mathrm{In}^{+}\)etc.
\(\begin{aligned}
&2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s}) \\
&3 \mathrm{Ga}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ga}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{Ga}(\mathrm{s}) \\
&3 \mathrm{In}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{In}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{In}(\mathrm{s})
\end{aligned}\)
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