Regulation of respiration: The neural system maintains the respiratory rhythm of the body according to the body needs via following parts of the brain :

A. Medulla:
It possesses:

a. Respiratory rhythm centre: It is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiratory rhythm.

b. Chemosensitive area: It is situated adjacent to the Respiratory rhythm centre. Increase in ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ and H⁺ concentration $\to$ Stimulation of Chemosensitive area $\to$ Sends signal to the Respiratory rhythm centre to make necessary changes in the respiratory process for the elimination of these substances.

B. Pons: It possesses pneumotaxic centre that moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. Stimulation of this centre alters the respiratory rate by reducing the duration of inspiration.